We have medical news tonight about a prostate cancer test taken by millions of American men. The most common test for detecting prostate cancer is called the PSA. And tonight, a government panel says that for many men, the test is unnecessary; they don't need it. Dr. Tim Johnson joins us now to explain. "Tim, specifically, what do they say?"
"Well, this comes from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, a very respected independent group that makes recommendations on screening tests. And the headline from their new recommendations on PSA testing is that they think in men 75 and older the possible risks outweigh the benefits.
They reason that the average life expectancy of a 75-year-old man is about 10 years, that cancers found in older men are very slow going and unlikely the cause of their death." "But, Tim, it's a simple blood test. There's nothing complicated about this test. It's not very expensive. And I would suspect if you're 75 years old, you want to live to 85, 95, and, indeed, you'd like to know if you’ve got the cancer."
"Well, the test is simple, but if it's positive, it leads to biopsies and treatments that can be difficult and even dangerous. And the experts point out that in older men these cancers are slow going; they don't need treatment. So they have... (if) they have the test and they get treatment, it really is an unnecessary risk.
They do agree that we probably shouldn’t lump all 75-year-olds together, that some 75-year-olds are very healthy, likely to live much longer than 10 years and that they probably should be offered screening." "So instead of just saying skip it, you basically... it's on a case-by-case basis as to whether you want to do it?" "
It really is. And, uh, the experts we heard from today say they basically follow these guidelines, but what they worry about is the occasionalaggressive case of cancer in an older man that might be missed if you don't do screening. They worry about ending up in front of a jury in that kind of a case. And so, I think many doctors will still offer the test to older men. All right. Tim Johnson on this new prostate recommendation. Thanks very much. Tim Johnson.
※ doubt과 suspect의 용법 - doubt ~가 아닐 것이라고 생각한다 (don't think that~) ex. I doubt (that) he has done it. 그가 하지 않았다고 생각한다. ex. I don't doubt (that) he has done it. 그가 했다는 것을 의심치 않는다. ex. I doubt if [wether]he will succeed. 그가 성공할 지 어떨지 의심스럽다. ex. I have no doubt that he will succeed. 그가 성공할 것을 믿어 의심치 않는다. ex. I have doubts that he will succeed. 그가 성공할 것이라고 생각치 않는다. - suspect ~이 아닌가 하고 생각하다, ~일 것이라고 생각하다. ex. I suspect him to be a liar. 나는 그가 거짓말쟁이가 아닌가 생각된다 ex. I suspect (that) he has done it. 그가 하지 않았나 하고 의심된다.(= 그가 했다고 생각한다.) ex. I suspect his motives. 그의 동기를 의심하다 (동기를 의심쩍게 여기다) ex. We have suspected him of murder. 우리는 그에게 살인 혐의를 두어 왔다. ex. He was suspected of telling a lie. 거짓말을 한 것으로 의심받았다(be suspected of~ ~ 의 혐의를 받다 ) ☞ suspect는 if[whether] 절을 목적어로 하지 않는다
※ end up : ~ 로 끝이 나다.(= wind up ), 결국 ~ 되다 1. 결국 마지막에는 (…이 ) 되다 (as…). ex. She had always wanted to be a writer but ended up as a teacher. 2. 마지막에는 ( …에) 살게 되다 (in … ). ex. He ended up in jail. 그는 마지막에는 교도소 신세를 지게 되었다. 3. 결국 …하게 되다 (doing). ex. I tried to save money but ended up buying more than I could afford. 결국은 형편에 맞지 않는 많은 물건을 사고 말았다. 4. ~ 로 끝나다 (with). ex. But you'll end up with no friends even to jog with. cf. After a poker game, I always end up broke. 포커를 한 후에는 늘 빈털터리가 되어 버린다
prostate : 전립선(의) * prostate cancer 전립선암 detect : 탐지하다, 간파하다, 발견하다 ex. detect the smell of smoke 연기 냄새를 탐지하다 specifically : 명확하게, 구체적으로 recommendation : 추천, 권고, 추천장(a letter of recommendation) screening : 심사, 검진 * screen : 1. to test someone to find out if they have a particular illness 2. 걸러내다, <지원자 등을> 심사 [선발]하다, 가려내다 (out) * screen someone for something: He recommends screening pregnant women for diabetes. ex. Cycle masks are designed to screen out pollutants. 오토바이 마스 크는 오염물질을 걸러내도록 만들어 졌다. outweigh : ~ 보다 무겁다, ~보다 중대하다 ex. The possible benefits outweigh the risks involved. reason : 판단하다(to make a particular judgment after you have thought about the facts of a situation in an intelligent and sensible way) ex. We reasoned that he was guilty. 우리는 그가 유죄라고 판단했다. ex. We reasoned that they would not dare leave before dark. life expectancy : 기대수명, 평균수명(life expectancy at birth) complicated : 복잡한, 이해하기 어려운 * complicate 복잡하게 하다, 이해하기 어렵게 하다 lead to ~ : ~ 로 이끌다, ~ 을 초래하다 biopsy : 생체검사(법), 조직검사 point out : ~ 을 가리키다, ~ 을 지적하다 ex. He pointed out the best beaches on the map. 가리켰다 ex. Thank you for pointing that out. ex. He pointed out that we had two hours of free time before dinner. lump : 덩어리, 한 덩어리로 만들다, 일괄하다 /to put people or things into the same group, although they do not really belong together * lump together : ex. All the children are lumped together in one class, regardless of their ability. ex. a lump of sugar 각설탕 (한 개) basis : (체계 따위의) 기초, 기저, 토대 ex. on a trial basis 시험적으로 occasional : 이따금씩의, 가끔의 /happening sometimes, but not frequently or regularly ex. He made occasional visits to London. ex. an occasional visitor 가끔 오는 손님 aggressive : 침략적인, 공격적인, 공세의 (offensive), 적극적인, 활동적인, 억척스러운 end up : ~ 로 끝이 나다.(= wind up ), 결국 ~ 되다 [메모 참고] jury : [집합적] 배심(원단) ((보통 시민 중에서 선정된 12 명의 배심원으로 구성되어 피고가 유죄 (guilty) 인가 무죄 (not guilty) 인가를 평결하여 재판장에게 답신함)) * juror : 배심원 (juryman)