Tonight, we take a look at what life may look like pretty soon. Some of the most profoundinnovations are coming to medicine as scientists unlock more secrets of DNA. What’s next, we’ll give a whole new meaning to personalized health care. Erin Hayes reports.
Jana Monoco didn’t know when her son Stephen was born that she and her husband each carried a gene they would pass on to Stephen. It would trigger a disease when he was three that would attack his brain and change him forever. (“You want to tell me something? Huh?”) “The hindsight can really be brutal sometimes.”
For Stephen’s little sister Caroline though, they did know. (“Take a big drink.”) She had the faulty gene, and at Caroline’s birth, doctors were ready. “They administered an IV to get her fluid started and her first dose of carnitine. It was designed by the hour, what to do with this baby once she was born.”
Now scientists are racing to apply those same kind of customgenetic tests and treatments to hundreds more diseases - cancer, diabetes, arthritis - and they are moving fast. (“You could capture that data…”) Researchers worldwide are swiftly unraveling the mysteries of which genes trigger which disease and what to do about it. “We want to have these customizedmedicines so that the disease never develops in the first place. And that is where the action’s at for the future."
"So don’t be surprised if in the next five years when you need a medicine for something, somebody says to you: You know, before we do this, let’s check your DNA and be sure this is what’s right for you.” They envision your doctor’s visit in the future - from a swab, your genome will be mapped out in minutes. And if it shows you’re at risk for, say, cancer, they expect to have microscopic treatments that will seek and destroy cells that have become sick.
“This is going to be for the 21st century what the discovery of antibiotics was for the 20th.” There is still much to work out - some people may not want to know all the genetic hurdles in their future. But for Jana Monoco and her family, that knowledge has been a gift, making the road ahead for Caroline, at least, much easier than it might have been. “Good work, Stephen.” Erin Hayes, ABC News, Bethesda, Maryland.
※ A is to B what[as] C is to D : A와 B의 관계는 C와 D와의 관계와 같다. Reading is to the mind what food is to the body. 독서와 마음의 관계는 음식과 신체의 관계와 같다. ( A do for B what C do for D = Just as C is to D, so is A to B )
※ work out 1. to solve a problem by doing a calculation or considering facts 계산해내다, 문제를 풀다 ex. I was born in 1947: you work out my age. 2. to deal with a problem in a satisfactory way 문제를 해결하다 ex. We've worked out our differences. ex. work out a compromise 타협안을 만들어내다 3. vi. to be successful or to end in a particular way 문제가 해결되다, 일이 잘 풀리다 ex. If it doesn't work out, you can always come back here. ex. Things worked out pretty well in the end. 4. vi. to do physical exercise as a way of keeping fit 운동하다 ex. He works out at the local gym every day.
profound : <학식·통찰력 등이> 깊은, 깊은 곳에서 나오는 [생기는], 심원한, <한숨 등이> 깊은, <병 등이>중한 ex. a profound change in the climate of the Earth / ex. profound deafness innovation : (불가산)혁신, (가산) 혁신 기술 (방법/제품/장비/아이디어) ex. companies that reward creativity and innovation ex. the latest technological innovations unlock : ~의 자물쇠를 열다, (비밀 따위를)열어 보이다, 드러내 다, 밝히다 whole : 전체의, 전원의, 모든, 완전한 (complete), [다수[다량]를 나타내는 명사와 함께] 대단한, ad. 완전히, 전부, 통째로 ex. a whole army of people 큰 무리의 사람들 / ex. a whole lot of ~ 대단 히 많은 ~ give a new meaning to~: ~새로운 의미를 부여하다 personalize : ~을 개인화하다, ~을 인격화하다, 의인화하다. gene : 유전자 pass~on (to...) : 1. (...에게) ~을 전달하다(to give someone something that someone else has given you) 2. 병 따위를 옮기다 3. 비용따위를 전 가하다( to make someone who is buying something from you pay for the cost of something) ex. When you've read this message, please pass it on. / ex. Could you pass the message on to Mr. John? ex. I took the day off work because I didn't want to pass on my flu to everyone in the office. ex. The retailer is forced to pass these extra costs on to the customer. trigger : 방아쇠, 방아쇠를 당기다, ~ 을 촉발하다, ~ 을 유발하다 hindsight : (총의) 가늠자, 뒤늦은 꾀[지혜], 나중에 생각나는 묘안 (opp. foresight 가늠쇠, 선견(지명),통찰(력)) * in hindsight 지나고 나서 보니까 ex. In hindsight, I'd do things differently... * with the wisdom[benefit] of hindsight 뒤늦게 깨달은 것이지만, 소 잃고 외양간 고치는 격이지만 ex. With the benefit of hindsight, it's easy to say it was the wrong decision. brutal : 잔인한, 냉혹한, 난폭한, <날씨가> 혹독한, 굉장한 faulty : 결점이 있는, 결함있는 administer : (업무 등을) 관리하다, 운영하다, 다스리다, 통치하 다, (법률규칙 등을) 시행 [집행]하다, (약 등을)투여하다 IV : (intravenous) 정맥내의, 정맥 주사의, 정맥주사 ex. an intravenous injection 정맥 주사 fluid : 유동성의, 유동적인, 유동체, 유체 (액체·기체의 총칭) dose : (약의 1 회분) 복용량, (약의) 한 첩, (비유적) 쓴 약, 약이 되 는 것, (충고 따위의) 한마디 ex. take medicine in small doses 조금씩 약을 복용하다 / ex. a lethal[a fatal] dose 치사량 * dose of : an amount of something bad that happens to you ex. I've just had a nasty dose of flu. ex. Local people were exposed to high doses of radiation. race to~ : 서둘러 ~ 하다 custom : 관습, 풍습, 주문한, 맞춤의 (custom-made) ex. custom clothes 맞춤복 genetic : 유전자의 (* gene 유전자) ex. genetic code : 유전자 암호 ex. genetic defect : 유전자 결함 ex. genetic screening : 유전자 검사, 유전학적 스크리닝 (개인의 유전적 질병의 발견과 예방을 위한 조사) ex. a genetic aberration 유전자 변이 arthritis : 관절염 (-itis 염증 ex. bronchitis, appendicitis, tonsillitis) unravel : <얽힌 실 등을>풀다, 해명하다, 해결하다, 밝히다, 풀어지다, 해 명되다, 밝혀지다 / if a process or project unravels, it begins to fail ex. There were worries that the peace process was beginning to unravel. ex. unravel a knot 매듭을 풀다 / ex. unravel a mystery 미스테리를 해결하 다 / ex. The secret gradually unraveled. customize : ~ 을 주문을 받아서 만들다 * customized ~ : 맞춤형 ~ medicine : 약, 의학, 의술, 의료, (내과)치료 develop : <병을> 발병시키다, 발병하다 ex. He has developed bronchitis. 그는 기관지염에 걸렸다. ex. His cold developed into pneumonia. 그는 감기가 악화되어 폐렴이 되 었다. * development 1. (새로운)사실 [사정], 사태, 상황의 진전, 발생한 일 2. (특 히 부동산업자에 의해 조성된) 주택단지나 빌딩단지 the action : The action is all the important and exciting things that are happening in a situation ex. This club is where the action is now. 이 클럽 요즘 잘 나가는 곳이다. ex. Hollywood is where the action is now. envision : <장래의 일 등을> 마음에 그리다, 상상하다, 계획 하다 swab : 자루 걸레, 몹(mop), 면봉, 면봉으로 채치한 물질, (자루 걸레로) ~을 닦아내다, 면봉으로 약을 바르다, 면봉으로 상처를 닦아내다 genome : 염색체의 한 세트 / the complete set of genes in a living thing. ex. the human genome map : 지도 , 지도식 도표 , ~ 를 지도로 만들다 , 지도위에 나타내 다 [ 표시하다 ] * map out : <토지 통로 등을 지도에> 정밀하게 표하다, ~ 의 계획을 세밀히 세우다/ If you map out something that you are intending to do, you work out in detail how you will do it. ex. I went home and mapped out my strategy. / ex. This whole plan has been most carefully mapped out. microscope : 현미경 * put ~ under the microscope ~ 을 자세히 조사하다 * microscopic : 현미경의, 현미경을 쓰는 [필요로 하는], 미세한 ex. a microscopic examination 현미경 검사. antibiotic : 항생 물질 , 항생 작용의 ( 이 있는 ), 항생 물질의 hurdle : 허들, 장애물, 장애, <허들 등을> 뛰어넘다 gift : 선물, 선사품, 타고난 재능 ex. a gift coupon 경품권/ a gift certificate : 상품권 / a gift card : 상품권형카드 ex. have a gift for painting[languages] 그림[어학]에 재주가 있다