And good evening. After so much hope, so much debate, today, a decision: the US government approved the test of embryonicstem cells to treat paralysis in humans. A wider decision on embryonic stem cells expected by President Obama next week, but let’s begin with the news of the day and ABC’s John McKenzie.
These wondrous, all- purpose, embryonic stem cells, the cells which look so promising in the laboratory, will now finally be used to treat people. “This is the first opportunity to really see how these cells perform. Can we make a difference for people with all that we’ve learned over the last ten years?”
This first clinical trial is small, 8 to 10 people, not yet selected, who have severe spinal cord injuries; the embryonic stem cell therapy to be administered within 14 days of the injury. This first test is only designed to see if the cells are safe in people.
In animal research, the cells were not only safe, they enabled rats with spinal cord injuries to walk again, by helping repair the damaged nerve cells in their spines. In this first test on people, researchers would be ecstatic with even the slightest sign the cells are working. “If we can have any evidence of activity, if they can now feel cold or warm or touch, that would be a sign of success.”
It would mean the world to Al Matucci. “If there’s any kind of small, incremental, uh, improvements, that, uh--it would be, uh, a definite victory.” A clinical success would also spur testing embryonic stem cells against blindness, Parkinson’s disease, and type 1 diabetes. And this research may soon proceed much more rapidly. President Obama, as early as next week, is expected to reverserestrictionsimposed by President Bush and allow federal funding of embryonic stem cell research.
“And we’ll see a huge infusion of talent. Institutions will get involved. People will feel that this is a path forwardfor their careers where they can make an impact. It’s going to be a tremendous change” -- “Stretching…” -- which is why so much is hinging on this first test of these cells on people. John McKenzie, ABC News, New York.
※ be to 용법 1. 예정 : ~하기로 되어있다. (계획을 전해주는 느낌) She is to be married next month. 2. 의무 : ~하여야 한다. No one is to leave this building without my permission. 3. 운명 : ~할 운명이다. He was never to come back home. 4. 가능 : ~ 할 수 있다. (주로 수동태, 부정문, 의문문에서 사용 됨) No one was to be seen on the street. 5. 의도 : ~하려면 (= intend to ) if절에서 If you are to succeed, you must work hard.
debate : 논쟁[토론] 하다, 논쟁, 토론 embryonic : 태 아의, 배아기의, 발달되지 않은, 미발달의, 초기의 * embryo : (보통 임신 8주일까지의) 태아, 배(胚) (일반적으로 발달의) 초기 의 것, 싹 stem cell : 줄기세포 paralysis : 마비, 불수(不隨), 무력, 무기력, 무능, 마비 상태 (v. paralyze) wondrous : 놀랄 만한, 불가사의한 all-purpose : 만능의, 다목적의, 다용도의 ex. an all- purpose tool 만능 기구 promising : 장래성 있는, 전도유망한 ex. a highly promising young artist ex. The team got off to a promising start with four points in the first minute. laboratory : 실험실, 연구실[소], (어학) 실습실, (경찰의) 과학 수사 연 구소(crime laboratory), 실험실(용)의, 실험에 관한 clinical trial : 임상실험 (clinical test) spinal cord : 척수 * spine : 등뼈, 척주 / * spinal 척주의, 척수의 therapy : 요법, 치료법 (a. therapeutic 치료상 [법, 학] 의) * chemotherapy : 화학요법 (약물치료를 가리킴) (chemo- ' 화학 ' 의 뜻) * psychotherapy 심리 [정신] 요법, 심리치료 * physical therapy : 물리치료 administer : (업무 등을) 관리하다, 운영하다, 다스리다, 통치하 다, (법률규칙 등을) 시행 [집행]하다, (약 등을)투여하다 be designed to ~ : ~ 하도록 고안되다 ex. Motorcycle masks are designed to screen out pollutants. 오토바이 마스크는 오염물질을 걸러내도록 만들어 졌다. enable : ~할 수 있게 하다 ex. The new test should enable doctors to detect the disease early. ecstatic : 희열에 넘친, 무아경의 * ecstasy 무아경, 황홀경, 환희 mean the world to ~ : (= be all the world to ) ~에게 있어서 무엇과도 바꿀 수 없는 것이다 ex. You mean the world to me. 넌 내게 무엇과도 바꿀 수 없다. ex. It wasn't a great bike, but meant the world to me as a kid. incremental : 점진적인 (increasing gradually) * increment : (↔decrement 감소) 증분, 증가, 급여의 증가분 /1. An increment in something or in the value of something is an amount by which it increases. ex. The average yearly increment in labour productivity in industry was 4.5 per cent. 2. An increment is an amount by which your salary automatically increases after a fixed period of time. ex. Many teachers qualify for an annual increment. spur : 박차, 격려, 고무 (something that encourages someone to do something), 박차를 가하다, 격려하다, 자극하다, 몰아대다 ex. What spurred him to join the party 그는 어떤 자극 때문에 그 당에 들 어가게 되었느냐 ex. The news was a spur to the government to cut income tax. ex. spur or spur on : to encourage someone to do something : ex. Criticism can be of great use; we may not like it at the time, but it can spur us on to greater things. proceed : 시작하다, (…하기) 시작하다 ex. Let us proceed with our lesson. 학과를 시작합시다. * proceed+to do : Then, he proceeded to eat his dinner. 그리고 나서 그는 만찬을 들기 시작했다. reverse : 반대의, 역의, 거꾸로 된, [정] 반대, 역으로 돌리다, 뒤집 다, 뒤엎다. * in the reverse direction (order) 반대 방향으로 (순서로). * reverse the decision(sentence) of a lower court 하급 법원의 판결 (선 고) 을 파기하다. restriction : 제한, 한정, 제약, 규제 * restrict : 제한하다, 한정하다 impose : 〔부담.세금.형벌.의무 따위〕를 지우다 * impose taxes on(or upon) a person's property ~ 의 재산에 과세하 다. * impose a ban on ~ : ex. They agreed to impose an immediate ban on sales. infusion : 주입, 불어넣음, 고취, 주입물 * infuse : 주 입(注入)하다, 불어넣다, 고취하다 ex. infuse new hope into a person=infuse a person with new hope …의 마음에 새 희망을 불어넣다 talent : (특수한) 재능, 소질, 재능 있는 사람, [집합적] 인재 ex. She had an obvious talent for music. ex. The company makes good use of its talent. impact : (물체와 물체의) 충돌 (collision), 충격, (강한) 영향 , vt.vi. (~ 와 ) 충돌하다, 충격을 주다, 강한 영향을 주다 * have an impact on ~ : ~ 에 영향을 미치다 tremendous : 거대한, 대단한, 굉장한 / something that is tremendous is extremely good ex. We had a tremendous evening together. hinge : 경첩, 중심점, <문 등이> 경첩식으로 움직이다, ~ 여하 에 달려 있다, 에 따라 정해지다 ((on, upon)) ex. Everything hinges on her decision. 만사는 그녀의 결단에 달려 있다
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